The Herb Research Foundation: Herb Information Greenpaper

Useful Herb References

Accessing scientific and traditional uses of botanicals

Library resources

Initial literature search sources should include local university libraries which are linked through the ILL (Inter Library Loan) program providing copies of articles from other institutions. Many libraries also have technical research services which can search online databases such as MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine). Private research firms also perform this service. Libraries can provide citations and abstracts of articles, and also full text document retrieval.

The Herb Research Foundation (HRF) is a specialty library with more than 120,000 articles on file about the pharmacology, toxicology, chemistry, horticulture, analysis and history of herbs used in food and for health care. HRF can provide abstracts of scientific articles on herbs, provide full text documents and perform online research services. HRF can be reached at (303) 449-2265.

Databases

Some of the best databases for herb information can be accessed through commercial providers including Dialog Information Services, STN and BRS.
MEDLINE             Inexpensive database with abstracts, corresponds to the      
                    print version Cumulative Index Medicus.  Medline covers      
                    major medical journals but misses a large volume of          
                    botanical scientific information, especially foreign         
                    journals.                                                    

NAPRALERT           Extensive database of ethnobotanical, chemical and           
                    pharmacological information compiled by the University of    
                    Illinois at Chicago.  One of the best compilations, but no   
                    abstracts.                                                   

Chemical Abstracts  The most comprehensive science database, consistently        
                    retrieves more references on botanicals than any other       
                    database.                                                    

Biological          Like Chemical Abstracts, but less inclusive.  Occasionally   
Abstracts           retrieves citations not found in Medline or Chemical         
                    Abstracts.                                                   

CATS                the British equivalent to MEDLINE but with a focus on        
                    alternative medicine, lists 50,000 articles on "alternative  
                    medicine."                                                   

JCIST               Japanese database with plentiful information about Japanese  
                    patents, often of botanical applications.                    

Excerpta Medica     European database of science and medicine.  Frequently has   
                    more than Medline, occasionally includes citations not in    
                    Chemical Abstracts                                           

CAB Abstracts       Contains mostly botanical information, tending more toward   
                    the horticultural, genetic and botanical than medical or     
                    pharmacological

Commercial herb databases

Some commercial databases on herbs are available for installation on home or office computers or on CD ROM. Some examples include Globalherb (database software), Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology (CD ROM), CHIROLARS, a CD-ROM database for chiropractic interests, and IBIS which contains botanical, acupuncture, chiropractic and other alternative health care information. None of these can be described as comprehensive or authoritative.

Internet resources

For those who enjoy Net-surfing, there are numerous sites to visit on the World Wide Web, and through "Gopher" servers. Here are some good starting points.

The Herb Research Foundation

http://www.herbs.org

A comprehensive award-winning site for herb information, featuring the latest science, political, business and international news from the world of herbs. You can browse to recommended links, view herbs in the photo gallery, speak out on herbal topics and ask herb questions online. Herb "Greenpapers" highlight specific herbs and their medicinal uses.

American Botanical Council
http://www.herbalgram.org/abcmission.html

Book reviews, bookstore on site, publisher of HerbalGram, a quarterly herb journal coproduced with Herb Research Foundation.

Herbal Hall
http://www.herb.com/herbal.htm

Site contains lists of schools, herbalists, online herbal information. Features Michael Moore's Herbal-Medical Dictionary, reached directly at http://www.crl.com/~robbee/dict.html

Health World
http://www.healthworld.com/

Part of an ambitious health internet site with a wide range of information, including some links to herb information resources.

Michael Moore's HomePage
http://www.rt66.com/hrbmoore/HOMEPAGE/HomePage.html

Featuring an excellent collection of medicinal plant images, site is managed by the Director of the Southwest School of Botanical Medicine.

Algy's Home Page - Medicinal
http://www.algy.com/herb/

Very comprehensive collection of herb information. Voted as being one of the top 5% of websites.

American Herbalists Guild
http://www.healthy.com/herbalists

The official website of the Guild, which represents traditional herbalists in the US.

Henriette's Herbal Homepage
http://metalab.unc.edu/herbmed/

This site is from the webmaster of the sunsite herbal collection at the U. of North Carolina. Includes a very rich collection of links to other sites.

Phytonet
http://helios.ex.ac.uk/phytonet

The home of the European Scientific Cooperative On Phytomedicine (ESCOP) provides a form (in 5 languages) for reporting adverse reactions to herbal products.

Phytopharmacognosy
 http://www.phytochemistry.freeserve.co.uk/

Professional herb information including the mailing list by the same name, which carries on a rather overwhelming discussion (sometimes dozens of messages per day) of various botanical topics.

Excite -- Tour of Herbs
http://tours.excite.com/go.webx?13@-d^21324@.ee6c296

Rather than type that ridiculous address, access it through Henrietta's page (one of the "stops" on the tour) or herbs.org.

HerbNet
http://www.herbnet.com/

Sponsored by the Herb Growing and Marketing Network.  Aome features include The Herbalist magazine, lists of courses, associations, software, etc.  All this and music too.

FDA List of Unsafe Herbs
http://lep.cl.msu.edu/msueimp/htdoc/mod03/03900066.html

The infamous, poorly researched list of so-called unsafe herbs. Despite the fact that scientists roundly criticized the list, and the FDA withdrew it, it is still available.

Jim Duke's Ethnobotanical Databases
http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke

This site contains Dr James Duke's searchable databases. You can search by plant, chemical, activity or ethnobotany.

Other information sources

Video and audio tapes include Natural Health with Medicinal Herbs and Healing Foods (video) and The Medicine Garden. Another useful tool is the Directory of National Helplines published by Consumers Index Services. The Herb Research Foundation currently provides a subscriber-based herb information hotline for the public providing scientific and historic information about the botanicals. HRF's goal is to provide this service on a nationwide, toll-free basis for use by pharmacists, practitioners and the public.

Scientific journals

Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Economic Botany

Fitoterapia

International Journal of Pharmacognosy

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Natural Products

Natural Product Updates

Phyto-Pharmica Review

Phytomedicine

Phytotherapie

Phytotherapy research

Planta Medica

British Journal of Phytotherapy

Professional Journal of Botanical Medicine

the British Journal of Phytotherapy

Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie

Semi-technical and popular magazines

Besides the technical journals, there are numerous alternative medicine journals which discuss various approaches to health.

Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine

HerbalGram

Herbs for Health

Natural Foods Merchandizer

Nutrition Science News

Protocol Journal of Botanical Medicine

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Townsend Letter for Doctors

Vitamin Retailer

Books

Books abound on the subject of herbs, from a purely folkloric viewpoint, to very technical science based orientations on the safety and uses of herbs. Besides general books on herbs, other subjects covered include traditional herb use, ethnobotany, pharmacology, research, diagnosis and application, botany, and field guides. An excellent one-stop source for botanical books is the American Botanical Council's Herb Education Catalog (800-373-7105). (http://www.herbalgram.org)  A short reading list follows.

Botanical Reading List Recommended by the Herb Research Foundation

Selected herbs and their constituents


Plant Name            Constituents                                         

Artichoke             2.5%-15% caffeylquinic acid                          
Ashawaganda           1.5% withanolides                                    
Astragalus            70% polysaccharides; 0.4%                            
                      4hydroxy-3-methoxyisoflavone 7-sug                   
Bilberry*             25% anthocyanosides calc. as anthocyanidins          
Bladderwrack          0.2% fucosterol and 0.2% organic iodine              
Borage oil            24% gamma linoleic acid (GLA)                        
Boswellia             65% boswellic acid                                   
Butcher's Broom       10% saponin glycosides (as ruscogenins)              
Calendula             2.5% saponins calculated as oleanolic acid           
Cascara Sagrada       20-25% hydroxyanthracene derivatives (calculated as  
                      cascaroside A)                                       
Chamomile (German)    1% apigenin, 0.5% essential oil                      
Chasteberry           0.5% agnuside, 0.6% aucubin                          
Coleus forskohlii     0.2-0.3% forskohlin                                  
Echinacea             4%-5% phenolics                                      
Ephedra               Highly variable.  Powder varies from .4% to 2.5%     
                      total alkaloids; extracts can be up to 9% total      
                      alkaloids.  The standard dosage of ephedrine is 25   
                      mg. or 60 mg. pseudoephedrine                        
Feverfew*             0.2%-0.7% parthenolide                               
Flaxseed oil          58% alpha linoleic acid (ALA)                        
Garlic                1% allicin potential or aged garlic extract          
Gentian               0.075% amarogentin                                   
Ginger                0.8% essential oils; 4% volatile oils                
Ginkgo biloba*        24% ginkgo flavone glycosides; 6% ginkgolides and    
                      bilobalide                                           
Ginseng, American     4% ginsenosides                                      
Ginseng, Korean or    4% ginsenosides, especially Rg1:Rb1                  
Chinese*                                                                   
Ginseng, Siberian     0.8% eleutherosides;

This page and all contents are © 1999 by The Herb Research Foundation, Boulder, CO, USA.